六．水族生物
泛红山文化玉群中，水族生物的造型很多，有淡水生物、海洋生物及两栖类生物。这表明泛红山文化区涵盖了部分的沿海地区, 并且从氏族图腾的造型可知其地域范围是从东北亚地区经白令海峡直至美洲的西北部沿岸地区，其中包括了北太平洋的广阔海域。这证明了泛红山文化时期的先民们已经掌握了造船技术和航海的能力。
泛红山文化玉群中，龟、蛙和蝾螈的造型很多，这表明轩辕氏或称天鼋氏（他们以海龟或龟为图腾）和女娲氏（他们以蛙或蝾螈为图腾）是当时强大的氏族，他们分布的地域广阔，包含了沿海和内陆地区。除了一般的鱼类外，玉群中还有人鱼的造型，以及陆地生物与鱼类的融合体，甚至还有外星人骑鲸鱼，龟驮美人鱼等奇特的造型。这些造型使我们有理由猜想，有高智能的类人生物或外星人生活于海洋中。海洋既关系到人类的生存，又关系到人类的文明。
6. Aquatic animals
There are many modeling of aquatic animal in the Pan-hongshan cultural jade group, such as the freshwater animals, marine animals and amphibian species. This shows that Pan-Hongshan cultural district covered a part of coastal areas, and from the shapes of its clan’s totem, we can see that its geographical range is from Northeast Asia via the Bering Strait until American Northwest coast, including the vast North Pacific rims. This proves that our ancestors already mastered the shipbuilding and marine technology during the Pan-Hongshan cultural period.
Among the Pan-Hongshan jade group many turtles, frogs and salamanders modeling appeared, it shows that Xuanyuan clan or called it Tianyuan clan, which with the turtle or sea turtle as their totem, and the Nuwa clan which with the frog or salamander as their totem were powerful clans; they have wide geographical distribution including coast and inland areas. Other than the general shapes of fish there are mermaid modeling, and the integrated shapes of terrestrial organisms and fish, and even the exotic modeling of alien riding whale, turtle carrying mermaid and so on in the jade group. These modeling give us reason to suspect that there are intelligent humanoids or aliens living in the ocean. The ocean not only has been relating to the human survival but also has been relating to the human civilization.
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Fig 6.1
6.1 海龟
长11.5cm，宽9.4cm，龟背高3.2cm，头高4.2cm。
青玉，玉质温润，无杂色，有棕红沁色及蚀斑。
龟呈仰首爬行状，其四肢粗壮，掌指有力，以瓦沟纹饰出。双目呈半球状突起，昂首望天，鼻略上翘，大嘴，短尾呈尖状。龟壳隆起，无纹饰，腹部平光。颈下有一对钻牛鼻穿。此龟造型生动，憨态可掬，刀法简练，曲线流畅。艺术水平与工艺水平都很高。
6.1. Sea turtle
Length: 11.5cm, width: 9.4cm, high 4.2cm.
The jade is sapphire in light green color, non-variegation, and with corrosive reddish brown markings.
This modeling is a crawling like sea turtle. It has a pair of hemispheric protruding eyes and looking up, stout limbs and metacarpals were decorated with corrugated patterns, slight upturned nose, large mouth, acuminate short tail, convex shell with no decoration, plain abdomen. There is an ox nostril-shaped drilling hole below its neck. This modeling of the sea turtle is lively, lovely, and fine processing. It has high artistic and technological level.
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Fig 6.2
6.2.蛙
长 5cm，宽 4cm，高 2.2cm。
青玉，棕红沁色，蜡状光泽。
青蛙双目圆凸，视向前方，前腿前伸，后腿弯曲，背上饰三道瓦沟纹。准备跃起捕食状，形象生动。
6.1. Frog
Length: 5cm, width: 4cm, high: 2.2cm.
The jade is sapphire with corrosive reddish brown markings，and wax luster.
The shape of the frog modeling is: protruding round eyes, face forward, forelegs reaching, hind legs bending. There are three longitudinal groove patterns decorated on its back. The overall shape of it is preying-like, very lively.
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Fig 6.3
长8.8cm，厚0.5cm。
青玉，褐色沁色。
其造型为一片状游动觅食状之鱼，两面纹饰相同，头部突现一双圆睁大眼睛，张大口。腹背均有鳍，以瓦沟纹饰出。尾下弯，呈蓄势待发状。造型十分生动，颈后有一对钻孔。
6.1. Fish
Length: 8.8cm, thickness: 0.5cm.
The jade is sapphire with corrosive brown markings.
The modeling is a flat fish; both sides of it have the same decorations. It is in swimming and preying posture. It shape is: a pair of big opening round eyes, opened mouth, it has fins on the abdomen and back, tail bending inward, it looks like ready to prey on. The style of this modeling is very lively. There is round bifacial drilling hole back of the neck.
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Fig 6.4
6.4. 蛹驮海豹
高5.8cm，宽4cm，厚2cm。
熊胆青玉，棕红沁色。
造型为一海豹立于一蛹背之上，海豹昂首翘尾，尾鰭贴于颈后，双足立于蛹背之上，蛹略呈船形，双目圆凸，尾略上翘。
6.4 Pupa carrying seal
High: 5.8cm, width: 4cm, thickness: 2cm.
The jade is in bile color, it has corrosive brown markings.
This modeling is a seal standing on the back of a pupa. The seal shape is: looking upward and upturned tail, the tail bifurcated and affixed to the back of its neck, feet on the back of the pupa. The pupa is slightly boat like, it has convex round eyes, and upturned tail.
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Fig 6.5
长10.4厘米，宽7.5厘米，高10厘米，重630克。
墨绿玉，质优，棕灰色包浆，有蚀斑、蚀孔。
造型为一大蛙背驮一小孩。蛙呈坐姿，后腿前屈，前腿微屈，四肢壮硕，四足大而有力，爪趾分明，内钩支撑于地面。蛙之眉眼高凸，睛珠呈枣核形，鼻端尖凸，大嘴呈“人”字形，两腮隆起。腹部圆凸，脊柱突起，背部饰菱形瓦沟纹。小孩趴伏于蛙背，小臂和双手贴于蛙之头顶，抬头前视，其面部形为：吊梢眼，直鼻，小口，颧骨隆起 下颏前翘，双耳突起于面颊后方，头顶有长方形发髻。此玉饰造型生动，工艺水平很高。女娲氏以蛙为图腾，此造像即是女娲造人的生动写照。
末次冰期的晚期，部分女娲氏族迁徙到美洲的西北部，至今在桑塔把布拉市附近的山上还保留有女娲氏族图腾蛙和蝾螈的岩画。
6.5 The totemic image of Nuwa
Length: 10.4cm, width: 7.5cm, high: 10cm, weight: 630g.
The jade is high quality dark green jade with corrosive brownish gray markings.
The modeling is a big frog carried a small child on its back. The frog is in sitting position, its limbs sturdy, hind legs bended forward, the forelegs slightly bended. It used its large and powerful four claws to support on the ground. Its facial feature is: high convex date kernel-shaped eyes, protruding nose tip, “V”-shaped mouth, bulged cheeks. It has round convex abdomen and protruding spine. Its back was decorated with diamond-shaped tile groove patterns. The child is in kneeling prone posture and putting his arms and hands on the head of the frog, forward looking. His face shape is: slope up eyes, straight nose, small mouth, bulged cheek bones, acuminate chin forward, protruding ears behind the cheeks, and a rectangular bun on the head. This modeling is vivid style, and very high technological level. Goddess Nuwa was the human creator, she is the earliest human mother, and frog or salamander is her clan’s totem. This modeling is a vivid portrayal of Nuwa.
During the Late Last Ice Age period, a part of Nuwa’s ethnic moved to the northwest of America. So far, there are some of Nuwa’s totemic rock arts which are frogs and salamanders on the mountains near by the city Santa Barbara.
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Fig 6.6
高 13.5cm，龟身长 8.5cm，龟耳宽 5.5cm。
墨玉，有灰皮及朱砂斑。
造型为一龟驮一美人鱼，龟呈行走状，昂首前视。美人鱼尾折向臀部，立于龟背之上，面朝前视，眉目清秀，头发披向背后，双乳丰满，双手置于双乳下方。整体造型生动，充满丰富的想象力。见到它会使人们自然地联想到一个美丽的神话故事。这位美人鱼很可能就是爱斯基摩人传说的海洋女神塞得娜，她是创造北极海洋生物的造物女神，生活在海底。如此生动传奇式的雕塑在世界史前文化中当属首屈一指。
6.6. Mermaid and turtle
High: 13.5cm, the length of the turtle: 8.5cm, the width of the turtle: 5.5cm.
The jade is black nephrite with corrosive gray and cinnabar markings.
This modeling is a mermaid standing on a turtle’s back. The turtle is walking like, rising head and looking forward. The shape of the mermaid is woman’s body and fish tail, beauty tail upturn to her buttock and erective body, beautiful face, facing front, hair hang to the back, plump breasts and both hands hold on the bottom of the breasts. The overall shape is vivid and full of rich imagination. It makes people naturally to think of a beautiful fairy tale. This mermaid probably is the sea goddess Sedna in the Eskimo legendry, she is the creator of the Arctic marine creatures, and she lived on the seabed. Such an art modeling was undoubtedly the best in the prehistoric sculptural art.
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Pan Hong Shan Jade (泛红山文化) 